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France publishes more than 140,000 public tenders per year, representing over €250 billion in public spending annually.

4 minutes between two tender publications (on average)30 days to respond to a tender (standard deadline)59.9% of contracts are awarded to SMEs

The French public procurement market (also called commande publique) is one of the major pillars of the national economy. Public purchases represent around €255 billion, or 8.7% of GDP (Source: Fipeco). These expenditures are divided between the State and central bodies (32% of the total), local public administrations (50%), and social security administrations (18%).

Regarding formally awarded contracts, in 2025 more than 180,000 public contracts were concluded for a total amount of €188 billion (Source: Achatpublic), showing a slight decrease in number (-1.4%) but an increase in value compared to 2024.

In terms of actors, local authorities sign the vast majority of contracts, with a breakdown of 40% services, 32% supplies, and 28% works (Source: Commande Publique). Although it is often assumed that large companies win all contracts, SMEs play a predominant role in access to these markets. Indeed, 59.9% of public contracts are awarded to SMEs, compared to 18.6% to large companies, even though the latter capture 43.7% of the total contract value.

On the regulatory side, the sector is governed by the Public Procurement Code, which came into effect in 2019. It enforces the principles of free access, equal treatment, and transparency of procedures. Current major trends include the digitization of tendering, the growing integration of environmental and social clauses under the Climate and Resilience law, and the simplification of procedures to facilitate access for micro and small/medium-sized enterprises (TPE/SMEs) to public procurement.

What are the particularities of the French market?

1 language only€60k as the exemption threshold (supplies and services)

The French public procurement market is distinguished by several notable features. Legally, it is based on the Public Procurement Code (Code de la commande publique, CCP), which came into effect in April 2019. Its purpose is to unify and codify all rules applicable to public contracts, concession contracts, and defense contracts. This framework is built around three fundamental principles, namely free access, equal treatment of candidates, and above all, transparency of procedures. The system relies on different thresholds that determine the level of formality required.

It should be noted that recent decrees (December 29, 2025) have raised the thresholds for exemption from publicity and competitive procedures to €60,000 excluding VAT for supplies and services (applicable from April 1, 2026) and maintained the €100,000 excluding VAT threshold for works contracts. Above these thresholds, progressively formalized competitive procedures are required.

Another major feature is the environmental and social dimension, which is now structural. Since 2025, all public buyers must include at least one environmental criterion or an ecological performance clause in every contract (unless impossible, which must of course be justified), under penalty of having their contract challenged before the administrative court.

On the social side, the minimum share entrusted to SMEs and artisans by the main contractor of a contract has been raised to 20% (up from 10%) by the decree of December 30, 2024. Finally, France stands out for a strong trend of simplification and digitization, notably by lowering the minimum required turnover of candidates to 1.5 times the contract value (down from twice the value previously). This aims to facilitate access for micro and small/medium-sized enterprises (TPE/SMEs) to public procurement.

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Are there any regulations in the French market to be aware of?

The French public procurement market is governed by a structured and fairly demanding regulatory framework. Mastering it is essential if you wish to access it. The legal foundation is the Public Procurement Code (Code de la commande publique, CCP), which came into effect in 2019. It unifies all rules applicable to public contracts, concession contracts, and defense contracts, transposing the 2014 European directives.

One of the first specificities to understand is the threshold system, which determines the level of formality required depending on the contract value. That is, either a total exemption from competition below €60,000 excluding VAT, an adapted procedure (MAPA) up to the European thresholds, and a formal tender procedure above them. Since 2025, this framework has also imposed reinforced environmental and social obligations, including:

  • Mandatory inclusion of at least one environmental criterion in every contract.
  • A subcontracting floor for SMEs set at 20% of the contract value.
Finally, digitization is mandatory for any tender above €40,000 excluding VAT. In other words, all communications between buyers and candidates must take place exclusively via dedicated electronic platforms. In the event of any dispute, unsuccessful candidates have specific legal remedies, ensuring the effective application of the principles of transparency and equal treatment (which are at the core of French public procurement law).

In which sectors is public spending allocated in the French market?

Energy (distribution, production, operation) Energy (distribu... Digital Digital Professional services Professional ser... Health, care products, social Health, care pro... Transport, mobility Transport, mobil... Works, materials, maintenance Works, materials... 0 0 5 5 10 10 15 15 20 20 25 25 Public spending (%)
Public expenditure by procurement sector, as a percentage of the total amount (Source: DAJ/Ministry of the Economy)

French public procurement is concentrated in a few strategic sectors, with marked disparities in spending amounts:

  • Works: The largest expenditure item, reflecting ongoing needs in infrastructure, public building renovation, and maintenance of public assets by local authorities.
  • Digital: The second-largest sector by volume, driven by the digital transformation of the State and local authorities, including purchases of hardware, software, and IT services.
  • Transport: Driven by major railway, road, and urban infrastructure projects, with a large share of contracts awarded by mobility organizing authorities.
  • Health: High demand from public hospitals, medico-social institutions, and social security administrations, particularly for medical equipment and outsourced care services.
  • Professional services: This sector covers consulting, engineering, legal and technical studies, and is mobilized by all public buyers regardless of their field.
  • Energy: A sector in constant growth, driven by the energy renovation of public buildings and electricity and gas supply contracts.

The information provided on this page is for general information purposes only. Although we make every effort to verify all the statistics and data presented, we cannot guarantee their accuracy. Each statistic should be considered in context.

Frequently asked questions

Do you need to be a French company to respond to French tenders?

No. Under the principles of European law and the Public Procurement Code, any economic operator established in the European Union can freely bid for a French public contract. The contracting authority cannot require the candidate to be of French nationality or to have an establishment in France at the time of submitting their offer.

However, upon award, certain contracts (notably in sensitive sectors such as defense or critical infrastructure) may impose specific execution conditions related to the location of services or regulatory authorizations.

How long does a tender procedure take in France?

The duration of a procedure varies depending on the type of contract and its value. For an adapted procedure (MAPA), the timeline is left to the discretion of the contracting authority, but generally ranges between 3 and 6 weeks from publication to the submission deadline. For formalized procedures (open tenders above European thresholds), minimum deadlines are set by the CCP and range between 35 and 52 days.

Including the phases of bid analysis, possible negotiation, and contract notification, the total duration of a procedure can easily reach 3 to 6 months for the most complex contracts.

Are there public tenders in France below the EU thresholds?

Yes, and they actually constitute the vast majority of contracts awarded in France. Below the European thresholds, public buyers use the adapted procedure (MAPA), which gives them significant organizational freedom while respecting the fundamental principles of transparency and equal treatment. For contracts under €60,000 excluding VAT, the buyer can even waive any formal publicity or competitive requirements.

What is the minimum value for a public tender in France?

There is no legal minimum amount below which a public buyer cannot award a contract. However, the Public Procurement Code sets a threshold of €60,000 excluding VAT, below which no publicity or formal competition is required. This means that a buyer is free to conclude private contracts of small amounts, provided that public funds are used responsibly.

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